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Surrealism: The Art of the Subconscious

Surrealism: The Art of the Subconscious

Surrealism is one of the most striking and extraordinary trends in contemporary art. The combination of bizarre, fantasy forms with objects of reality is fascinating, inviting you to plunge into the world of the mysterious subconscious. Surrealistic canvases can be unmistakably recognized by bizarre, irrational images and original symbolism of images.

According to fans of surrealism, the path to comprehending the world lies in the field of intuition, therefore it is accessible only thanks to the rejection of logic and generally accepted patterns. It gives liberation from prejudice and complexes, makes a person real.

Every detail in the paintings in the style of "surrealism" has a hidden meaning, but the associations of the viewer and the artist do not have to coincide at all. Understanding of the canvas and its feeling takes place on the basis of the deeply personal experience of each viewer, therefore, associations can be completely different. On their canvases, surrealists deliberately distort the objects of reality, giving them fantasy forms. This leads the viewer to his own reasoning and helps to walk along the thin bridge between the mind and the subconscious, revealing new facets in his personality.

How it all began

According to art historians, the founders of surrealism are the French writers Andre Breton and Philippe Supo. During his service as a nurse on the fronts of the First World War, Breton met Guillaume Apollinaire (who at that time was already a famous poet and philosopher). It is this meeting that will subsequently turn out to be fateful and give the world the famous “trinity of surrealists”. After a short time, the press publishes the work of Breton and Supo “Magnetic Fields” (1920), which was created using a new, revolutionary technique - automatic writing. This book has become a powerful incentive for creative individuals, urging them to abandon the total control of the mind and trust the subconscious.

In 1924, A. Breton's “Manifesto of Surrealism” was published, in which he outlined the basic principles of the new trend. For artists and writers, the “Manifesto” became that guiding star with the help of which they could find an individual way of creating and expressing themselves in the world. The development of surrealism was largely based on Freud’s teachings on the analysis of dreams and the study of other areas of the unconscious. Most surrealists perceive dreams as a liberation from the fetters of the mind and a chance to see the true reality of their "I".
Among the famous representatives of this direction are S. Dali, P. Delvaux, F. Kahlo, G. Chirico, A. Tyshler, J. Yerka, R. Magritte, M. Parkes, Y. Tanguy, D. Tanning, C. Trouille, M. Ernst and others.

The main differences of surrealism

Surrealism is one of the few areas in art that has its own philosophical postulates. The duty of each group member was their strict observance, which was strictly controlled. A characteristic feature is the combination of reality and paradox in the images of objects and phenomena. Adherents of this style boldly experiment with shape and size, betraying familiar objects with opposing properties. On their canvases one can see soaring stones or frozen, heavy water, giant insects or a melted dial ... Optical illusions in dual paintings are very popular. The symbolism of images is given primary importance and magical meaning.

Surrealists draw a source of inspiration not only from their own dreams and thoughts, but also from the cave paintings of primitive people, in the work of mentally ill and children's pictures. To escape from reality and immersion in the subconscious world, alcohol, drugs, hypnosis are used. Surrealists are constantly in search of new visual techniques, the most famous of which are: texturing, decalcomania, scraping, fumigation, drip method, drawing, “ready-made”, smoking and others.
Today, the popularity of surrealism in contemporary art continues to remain quite high, because every person wants to make a bold journey into the secret corners of his soul at least once in his life.


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